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          mac 系统常用命令
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            <div class="post-description">ls、find、cd、mkdir、cp、mv、cat、pwd、ping、telnet、ps、kill、history、whoami。</div>

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        <h2 id="基本命令"><a href="#基本命令" class="headerlink" title="基本命令"></a>基本命令</h2><h3 id="列出文件"><a href="#列出文件" class="headerlink" title="列出文件"></a>列出文件</h3><p>ls 参数 目录名</p>
<p>例: 看看驱动目录下有什么:</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ls /System/Library/Extensions</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>参数 -w 显示中文，-l 详细信息， -a 包括隐藏文件，-h 将文件容量以较易读的方式（GB，kB等）列出来  , -R ：连同子目录的内容一起列出。</p>
<h3 id="查找文件"><a href="#查找文件" class="headerlink" title="查找文件"></a>查找文件</h3><p>find &lt;指定目录&gt; &lt;指定条件&gt; &lt;指定动作&gt;</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 搜索当前目录（含子目录，以下同）中，所有文件名以my开头的文件。</span></span><br><span class="line">find . -name <span class="string">'my*'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 搜索当前目录中，所有文件名以my开头的文件，并显示它们的详细信息。</span></span><br><span class="line">find . -name <span class="string">'my*'</span> -ls</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="转换目录"><a href="#转换目录" class="headerlink" title="转换目录"></a>转换目录</h3><p>cd</p>
<p>例：想到驱动目录下溜达一圈</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd /System/Library/Extensions</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="建立新目录"><a href="#建立新目录" class="headerlink" title="建立新目录"></a>建立新目录</h3><p>mkdir 目录名</p>
<p>例：在驱动目录下建一个备份目录backup</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir /System/Library/Extensions/backup</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="拷贝文件"><a href="#拷贝文件" class="headerlink" title="拷贝文件"></a>拷贝文件</h3><p>cp 参数 源文件 目标文件</p>
<p>例：想把桌面的Natit.kext 拷贝到驱动目录中</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cp -R ~/Desktop/Natit.kext /System/Library/Extensions</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>参数R表示对目录进行递归操作，kext在图形界面下看起来是个文件，实际上是个文件夹。</p>
<p>把驱动目录下的所有文件备份到桌面backup</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cp -R /System/Library/Extensions/* ~/Desktop/backup</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="删除文件"><a href="#删除文件" class="headerlink" title="删除文件"></a>删除文件</h3><p>rm 参数 文件</p>
<p>例：想删除驱动的缓存</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">rm -rf /System/Library/Extensions.kextcache</span><br><span class="line">rm -rf /System/Library/Extensions.mkext</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>参数－rf 表示递归和强制，千万要小心使用，如果执行了 rm -rf / 你的系统就全没了</p>
<h3 id="移动文件"><a href="#移动文件" class="headerlink" title="移动文件"></a>移动文件</h3><p>mv 文件</p>
<p>例：想把AppleHDA.Kext 移到桌面</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mv /System/Library/Extensions/AppleHDA.kext ~/Desktop</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>想把AppleHDA.Kext 移到备份目录中</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mv /System/Library/Extensions/AppleHDA.kext /System/Library/Extensions/backup</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="文本编辑"><a href="#文本编辑" class="headerlink" title="文本编辑"></a>文本编辑</h3><p>nano 文件名</p>
<p>例：编辑natit Info.plist</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">nano /System/Library/Extensions/Natit.kext/Info.plist</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>或者vim 文件名。</p>
<h2 id="目录操作"><a href="#目录操作" class="headerlink" title="目录操作"></a>目录操作</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令名</th>
<th>功能描述</th>
<th>使用举例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>mkdir</td>
<td>创建一个目录</td>
<td>mkdir dirname</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rmdir</td>
<td>删除一个目录</td>
<td>rmdir dirname</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mvdir</td>
<td>移动或重命名一个目录</td>
<td>mvdir dir1 dir2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cd</td>
<td>改变当前目录</td>
<td>cd dirname</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>pwd</td>
<td>显示当前目录的路径名</td>
<td>pwd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ls</td>
<td>显示当前目录的内容</td>
<td>ls -la</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="文件操作"><a href="#文件操作" class="headerlink" title="文件操作"></a>文件操作</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令名</th>
<th>功能描述</th>
<th>使用举例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>cat</td>
<td>显示或连接文件</td>
<td>cat filename</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>od</td>
<td>显示非文本文件的内容</td>
<td>od -c filename</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cp</td>
<td>复制文件或目录</td>
<td>cp file1 file2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rm</td>
<td>删除文件或目录</td>
<td>rm filename</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mv</td>
<td>改变文件名或所在目录</td>
<td>mv file1 file2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>find</td>
<td>使用匹配表达式查找文件</td>
<td>find . -name “*.c” -print</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>file</td>
<td>显示文件类型</td>
<td>file filename</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="选择操作"><a href="#选择操作" class="headerlink" title="选择操作"></a>选择操作</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令名</th>
<th>功能描述</th>
<th>使用举例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>head</td>
<td>显示文件的最初几行</td>
<td>head -20 filename</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tail</td>
<td>显示文件的最后几行</td>
<td>tail -15 filename</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cut</td>
<td>显示文件每行中的某些域</td>
<td>cut -f1,7 -d: /etc/passwd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>colrm</td>
<td>从标准输入中删除若干列</td>
<td>colrm 8 20 file2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>diff</td>
<td>比较并显示两个文件的差异</td>
<td>diff file1 file2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sort</td>
<td>排序或归并文件</td>
<td>sort -d -f -u file1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>uniq</td>
<td>去掉文件中的重复行</td>
<td>uniq file1 file2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>comm</td>
<td>显示两有序文件的公共和非公共行</td>
<td>comm file1 file2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>wc</td>
<td>统计文件的字符数、词数和行数</td>
<td>wc filename</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nl</td>
<td>给文件加上行号</td>
<td>nl file1 &gt;file2</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="进程操作"><a href="#进程操作" class="headerlink" title="进程操作"></a>进程操作</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令名</th>
<th>功能描述</th>
<th>使用举例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>ps</td>
<td>显示进程当前状态</td>
<td>ps -ef</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kill</td>
<td>终止进程</td>
<td>kill -9 30142</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="时间操作"><a href="#时间操作" class="headerlink" title="时间操作"></a>时间操作</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令名</th>
<th>功能描述</th>
<th>使用举例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>date</td>
<td>显示系统的当前日期和时间</td>
<td>date</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cal</td>
<td>显示日历</td>
<td>cal 8 1996</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>time</td>
<td>统计程序的执行时间</td>
<td>time a.out</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="网络与通信操作"><a href="#网络与通信操作" class="headerlink" title="网络与通信操作"></a>网络与通信操作</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令名</th>
<th>功能描述</th>
<th>使用举例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>telnet</td>
<td>远程登录</td>
<td>telnet hpc.sp.net.edu.cn</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rlogin</td>
<td>远程登录</td>
<td>rlogin hostname -l username</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rsh</td>
<td>在远程主机执行指定命令</td>
<td>rsh f01n03 date</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ftp</td>
<td>在本地主机与远程主机之间传输文件</td>
<td>ftpftp.sp.net.edu.cn</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rcp</td>
<td>在本地主机与远程主机 之间复制文件</td>
<td>rcp file1 host1:file2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ping</td>
<td>给一个网络主机发送 回应请求</td>
<td>ping hpc.sp.net.edu.cn</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mail</td>
<td>阅读和发送电子邮件</td>
<td>mail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>write</td>
<td>给另一用户发送报文</td>
<td>write username pts/1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mesg</td>
<td>允许或拒绝接收报文</td>
<td>mesg n</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="korn-shell命令"><a href="#korn-shell命令" class="headerlink" title="korn shell命令"></a>korn shell命令</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令名</th>
<th>功能描述</th>
<th>使用举例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>history</td>
<td>列出最近执行过的 几条命令及编号</td>
<td>history</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>r</td>
<td>重复执行最近执行过的 某条命令</td>
<td>r -2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>alias</td>
<td>给某个命令定义别名</td>
<td>alias del=rm -i</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>unalias</td>
<td>取消对某个别名的定义</td>
<td>unalias del</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="其他命令"><a href="#其他命令" class="headerlink" title="其他命令"></a>其他命令</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命令名</th>
<th>功能描述</th>
<th>使用举例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>uname</td>
<td>显示操作系统的有关信息</td>
<td>uname -a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>clear</td>
<td>清除屏幕或窗口内容</td>
<td>clear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>env</td>
<td>显示当前所有设置过的环境变量</td>
<td>env</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>who</td>
<td>列出当前登录的所有用户</td>
<td>who</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>whoami</td>
<td>显示当前正进行操作的用户名</td>
<td>whoami</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tty</td>
<td>显示终端或伪终端的名称</td>
<td>tty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>stty</td>
<td>显示或重置控制键定义</td>
<td>stty -a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>du</td>
<td>查询磁盘使用情况</td>
<td>du -k subdir</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>df /tmp</td>
<td>显示文件系统的总空间和可用空间</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>w</td>
<td>显示当前系统活动的总信息</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="Mac-OS-X-终端命令开启功能"><a href="#Mac-OS-X-终端命令开启功能" class="headerlink" title="Mac OS X 终端命令开启功能"></a>Mac OS X 终端命令开启功能</h2><ol>
<li>显示资源库</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>方法一</li>
</ul>
<p>显示：chflags nohidden ~/Library/<br>隐藏：chflags hidden ~/Library/</p>
<ul>
<li>方法二：</li>
</ul>
<p>打开Finder，菜单中选择前往按住option键就会显示资源库项(每次打开都需要重复操作一次)。</p>
<ol start="2">
<li>Finder显示隐藏文件</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>显示隐藏文件</li>
</ul>
<p>defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool true<br>killall Finder</p>
<ul>
<li>恢复隐藏文件</li>
</ul>
<p>在“终端”中输入下面的命令：<br>defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool false<br>killall Finder</p>

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